博物館展柜用得越來越多，相應(yīng)的照明方式也不斷豐富。但是，不同的方式區(qū)別較大，各有優(yōu)劣。今天，我們就針對常用的十種方式，逐一討論。
01
頂部面光普照式
這是早期比較常見的一種照明方式。即在頂部把展柜照得通亮。所有展品一覽無遺，適于小展柜及察看展品細(xì)節(jié)。
早期是用燈管排列起來，下面用毛玻璃，把光打勻燈管光色偏白，顯指不太高。
后來改成led面板燈或者燈帶。
無論哪種，要控制好光源與玻璃的距離，毛玻璃的表面處理，做好了光會很勻。做不好光是一截一截的。
當(dāng)然，這種普照式的不好的地方是：
● 頂部光會產(chǎn)生眩光。解決的辦法是調(diào)色光源的亮度，做柔和一些。還有一個(gè)辦法是把毛玻璃往里做，或者展柜外面的檔板加高，這樣會好很多。還有一個(gè)辦法，就是把玻璃面做成往里傾斜，這樣雜散光會與觀眾的目光方向一致，也就進(jìn)不了觀眾的視線。
● 燈光太平淡，無法重點(diǎn)突出展品。
02
頂部重點(diǎn)照明
這也是早期常用的方式，即在頂部放置鹵素?zé)?，中間隔一塊玻璃，透過玻璃，對展品進(jìn)行照明。
玻璃將展品與照明隔開，實(shí)現(xiàn)光熱分離。
與靠前種方式不同，這種方式能針對展品實(shí)現(xiàn)重點(diǎn)照明。若要強(qiáng)調(diào)細(xì)部，也可以用寬光束燈具補(bǔ)充。
當(dāng)然，其缺點(diǎn)也很明顯：玻璃上有一團(tuán)團(tuán)的光斑。尤其是時(shí)間長了，玻璃上積灰，光斑更明顯，積灰更是一覽無遺
進(jìn)入LED時(shí)代，人們把燈具改成了小瓦數(shù)燈具，散熱低了很多！也有將玻璃換成黑色格柵，這樣看起來好了很多！
博物館展柜照明的十種方式
但是，一定要注意燈具的發(fā)熱量，如果發(fā)熱量大，超過展柜本身的散熱量，就會造成熱量積聚，造成文物損傷。
不管改成何種方式，燈具與展品之間比較好有一層隔斷，尤其是傳統(tǒng)燈具。
有隔斷能實(shí)現(xiàn)光熱分離，另一方面如果燈具老化，出現(xiàn)掉落時(shí)，能有效保護(hù)展品。尤其是位于展柜中心的燈具，萬一跌落，會造成不可估量的損失！
03
光纖照明
在傳統(tǒng)照明時(shí)代，由于鹵素?zé)舭l(fā)熱量大，對于珍貴文物，尤其是對熱敏感展品，要解決燈具本身的發(fā)熱，還有光照中的紅外輻射，是比較麻煩的。在這種情況下，光纖照明因應(yīng)而生。
More and more museum display cabinets are used, and the corresponding lighting methods are constantly abundant. However, the different methods are quite different and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Today, we will discuss each of the ten commonly used methods.
01
Top light photo type
This is the most common way of lighting in the early days. That is, brighten the display cabinet at the top. All exhibits are available for small display cabinets and details.
In the early days, the lamps were arranged together, and the wool glass was used below to beat the light evenly. The light color of the lamp was white, and the indication was not too high.
Later changed to led panel lights or tape.
Either way, to control the distance between the light source and the glass, the surface treatment of the wool glass, the light will be very uniform. You can't do it right. It's just one piece at a time.
Of course, the bad thing about this universal style is:
The top light produces glare. The solution is to color the brightness of the light source and make it softer. There is also a way to do the glass inside, or the outside of the display cabinet to raise the baffle, which will be much better. Another way is to tilt the glass face inwards, so that the scattered light will be in line with the audience's eyes and can not enter the audience's sight.
The light is too flat to highlight the exhibits.
02
Top Key Lighting
This is also a common method used in the early days, that is, placing halogen lamps at the top, separated by a piece of glass, and lighting the exhibits through glass.
Glass separates the exhibits from the lighting to achieve light and heat separation.
Unlike the first way, this method can achieve key lighting for exhibits. If you want to emphasize the details, you can also use a wide beam lamp to supplement.
Of course, its disadvantages are also obvious: there is a cluster of light spots on the glass. In particular, the time is longer, the dust on the glass, the light spots are more obvious, and the ash is even more obvious.
Into the LED era, people changed the lamp into a small tile number of lamps, cooling a lot lower! There is also a black grille for the glass, which looks much better!
Ten Ways to Lighting a Museum Exhibit
However, we must pay attention to the heat of the lamps. If the heat is large and exceeds the scattered heat of the display cabinet itself, it will cause heat accumulation and cause damage to cultural relics.
No matter how it is changed, it is best to have a layer of separation between the lamps and the exhibits, especially traditional lamps.
On the other hand, if the lamp ages and falls, it can effectively protect the exhibits. Especially in the center of the display cabinet lamps, if fall, will cause incalculable losses!
03
Fiber optic lighting
In the traditional lighting era, due to the high heat of halogen lamps, it is more troublesome for precious cultural relics, especially heat-sensitive exhibits, to solve the heat of the lamps themselves, as well as the infrared radiation in the light. In this case, fiber optic lighting is produced.